A lead-acid battery is a type of rechargeable battery commonly used to power vehicles, backup power systems, and various industrial applications. It consists of lead plates submerged in an electrolyte solution of sulfuric acid. When the battery is charged, chemical reactions occur, converting lead sulfate back into lead and sulfuric acid, storing electrical energy. Lead-acid batteries have a high energy density, making them suitable for applications requiring a sustained power source. When a lead-acid battery reaches the end of its life or becomes damaged, it becomes lead-acid battery scrap. Recycling lead-acid battery scrap is vital for recovering valuable lead and other materials while minimizing environmental pollution.